Eswatini's Flora Red List
2002 assessment information extracted from Southern African Plant Red Data Lists, Ed. Janice Golding, Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14, 2002.
The information in this publication was based on previous red data publications, herbarium specimen data, combined with three workshops held between September 2000 and March 2001, involving participants familiar with plants in Eswatini.
2005 assessment information extracted from Loffler, L. & Loffler, P. 2005. Swaziland Tree Atlas - including selected shrubs and climbers. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 38. SABONET, Pretoria
Further botanical work carried out in Eswatini has provided more information on a number of species, so some of the information in these publications is now out of date.
From 2021 to 2024, work was carried out on the global red list assessments for Eswatini's endemic and near endemic flora. The assessments submitted to IUCN for publicaton in June 2024 can be viewed here.
For the endemic species, the Eswatini red list status is the same as the global red list status. For the near endemic species where the global assessments have been completed, the information is available to carry out the Eswatini red list assessment.
Further information is available for each species in the Flora Database by clicking on each species name.
Extinct/Extinct in the Wild
Brachystelma swazicumEX? (2002) As at 2024, four known localities, 11 herbarium specimens, 10 photo records, 1 visual observation
Dierama adelphicum
EX (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens
Encephalartos relictus
EX - Extinct in the Wild (2020) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Critically Endangered
Aeschynomene stipitataCR - Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 2 photo records
Celtis mildbraedii
CR B1B2cC2a (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 2 visual observations
Cheirostylis nuda
CR B1B2cC2b (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens
Drimiopsis comptonii
CR - Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records
Encephalartos heenanii
CR A1acdC2a (2005) As at 2020, believed to be Extinct in the Wild (see Global Assessment), 6 herbarium specimens, 3 visual observations
Encephalartos laevifolius
CR A2deB2bD (2005) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 3 visual observations
Encephalartos ngoyanus
CR C2aD (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens
Encephalartos umbeluziensis
CR A1acdA2cB1B2abcde (2005) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records, 8 visual observations
Euphorbia keithii
CR B1B2ceC2a (2005) As at April 2024, 9 herbarium specimens, 3 visual observations
Ficus sansibarica subsp. sansibarica
CR B1B2cC2a (2005) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 5 visual observations
Gardenia thunbergia
CR C2b (2005) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Hesperantha umbricola
CR - Critically Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Indigofera gobensis
CR - Critically Endangered B2ab(iii) (2019) As at April 2024, 10 photo records
Kniphofia tysonii subsp. lebomboensis
CR A2B1B2bceC1C2b (2002) As at April 2024, 7 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records
Kniphofia umbrina
CR - Critically Endangered A2ac; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i); D (2024) As at April 2024, 9 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records
Pachycarpus stelliceps
CR - Critically Endangered D (2024) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Warburgia salutaris
CR A1bcd (2005) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records, 5 visual observations
Endangered
Adenium multiflorumEN A2cdB1B2abcC1 (2002) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records
Adenium swazicum
EN A1acdB1B2abcd (2002) As at April 2024, 15 herbarium specimens, 18 photo records, 5 visual observations
Aloe albida
EN B1B2cde (2002) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records
Aloe chortolirioides var. chortolirioides
EN B1B2abC2a (2002) As at April 2024, 21 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records, 4 visual observations
Aloe dewetii
EN A1acd (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 3 visual observations
Barleria lebomboensis
EN - Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 12 photo records
Bowiea volubilis subsp. volubilis
EN A1d (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 1 visual observation
Brachystelma coddii
EN B1B2cC2aD (2002) As at 2024, nine recent localities, 9 herbarium specimens, 13 photo records
Callilepis corymbosa
EN - Endangered B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii) (2024) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Celtis gomphophylla
EN D B1B2c C2a (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 4 visual observations
Ceropegia cimiciodora
EN B1B2c (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Cyrtanthus bicolor
EN A1c (2002) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records
Encephalartos aplanatus
EN A1acdB2abcde (2005) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records, 10 visual observations
Encephalartos lebomboensis
EN - Endangered A2acd; B1ab(ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v) (2020) As at April 2024, 19 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 2 visual observations
Eragrostis comptonii
EN - Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens
Heywoodia lucens
EN B1B2cC2a (2005) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records, 7 visual observations
Justicia aconitiflora
EN B1B2cD2 (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens
Lannea antiscorbutica
EN DB1B2aC2b (2005) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 3 visual observations
Leobordea spicata
EN - Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens
Melanospermum italae
EN B1B2cC2a (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Melanospermum swazicum
EN B1B2aC2a (2002) Global status (2024) VU - Vulnerable B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii), 12 herbarium specimens
Orbea gerstneri subsp. gerstneri
EN B1B2c (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens
Orthosiphon vernalis
EN - Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Oxyanthus pyriformis subsp. pyriformis
EN B1B2cD (2005) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 5 visual observations
Protea comptonii
EN B1B2cD (2005) As at April 2024, 1 herbarium specimen, 1 photo record, 2 visual observations
Prunus africana
EN C2aD (2005) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 11 visual observations
Siphonochilus aethiopicus
EN A1d (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 7 photo records
Streptocarpus daviesii
EN B1B2b (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens
Syncolostemon comptonii
EN - Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens
Vulnerable
Afroaster pseudobakerianusVU - Vulnerable B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens
Allophylus chaunostachys
VU B1B2c (2002) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Aloe ecklonis
VU B1B2cD2 (2002) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Aloe kniphofioides
VU A2cB1B2c (2002) As at April 2024, 9 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 1 visual observation
Aloe minima
VU A1cB1B2bD1 (2002) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records
Asclepias eminens
VU B1B2cD2 (2002) As at April 2024, 15 herbarium specimens
Cineraria ngwenyensis
VU - Vulnerable D2 (2024) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens
Cyphia pectinata
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 7 photo records
Cyrtanthus nutans
VU C1C2a (2002) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens
Disa intermedia
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 9 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records
Drimiopsis pusilla
VU - Vulnerable D1+2 (2024) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records
Drimiopsis reilleyana
VU - Vulnerable D2 (2024) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens
Encephalartos paucidentatus
VU A1cdC2aD2 (2005) As at April 2024, 12 herbarium specimens, 10 photo records, 4 visual observations
Encephalartos senticosus
VU C2aD2 (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 12 photo records, 6 visual observations
Erica swaziensis
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 9 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records
Eulophia chlorantha
Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2002) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 7 photo records
Eumorphia swaziensis
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 11 photo records
Ficus polita subsp. polita
VU D2 (2005) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 12 visual observations
Gladiolus brachyphyllus
VU A2c (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Haemanthus pauculifolius
VU C2bD2 (2002) As at April 2024, 1 herbarium specimen, 6 photo records, 3 visual observations
Helichrysum milleri
VU D2 (2002) As at April 2024, 1 herbarium specimen, 1 photo record
Metathelypteris burrowsiorum
VU - Vulnerable D2 (2024)
Protea parvula
VU B1B2cC2a (2005) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens, 16 photo records, 2 visual observations
Senecio mlilwanensis
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 16 herbarium specimens, 13 photo records
Senecio neoviscidulus
VU - Vulnerable B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (2024) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens
Streptocarpus wilmsii
VU B1B2c (2002) As at April 2024, 12 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 4 visual observations
Syncolostemon stalmansii
VU D2 (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records
Xerophyta villosa
VU D2 (2002) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Least Concern
Acrotome thorncroftiiLR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Aloe rupestris
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records, 7 visual observations
Aloe sharoniae
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 5 visual observations
Alsophila capensis
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 8 visual observations
Ammannia alata
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Australluma ubomboensis
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 8 photo records, 1 visual observation
Bulbine inflata
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 7 herbarium specimens
Cephalaria petiolata
LR lc (2002) Global status (2024) Taxonomic review, no longer a separate species, 2 herbarium specimens
Clivia miniata var. citrina
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Cordyla africana
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens
Crassula vaginata subsp. minuta
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records
Cussonia nicholsonii
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records, 1 visual observation
Cyphia bolusii
LR lc (2002) Global status (2024) NT - Near Threatened B1b(iii)+2b(iii), 9 herbarium specimens, 11 photo records, 3 visual observations
Diospyros galpinii
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 7 photo records, 54 visual observations
Drypetes mossambicensis
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Erica cerinthoides var. barbertona
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record
Erica oatesii var. latifolia
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (herbarium specimen)
Eriosema transvaalense
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Euphorbia clavigera
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens
Ficus bubu
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records, 6 visual observations
Gasteria batesiana var. batesiana
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records
Gonioma kamassi
LR-nt (2005) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records, 5 visual observations
Heteropyxis canescens
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records, 38 visual observations
Heterosamara galpinii
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 18 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records
Leucospermum gerrardii
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 45 photo records, 3 visual observations
Lobelia corniculata
LR lc (2002) Global status (2024) EN - Endangered B1ab(ii,iii,iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv), 8 herbarium specimens, 2 photo records
Manilkara concolor
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 9 photo records, 35 visual observations
Manilkara discolor
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 1 herbarium specimen, 3 visual observations
Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 10 visual observations
Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 2 herbarium specimens, 5 visual observations
Newtonia hildebrandtii var. hildebrandtii
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 5 visual observations
Noronhia foveolata subsp. foveolata
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 32 visual observations
Orbea paradoxa
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records, 1 visual observation
Pachycarpus galpinii
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records
Pavetta barbertonensis
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 11 visual observations
Polystachya albescens subsp. imbricata
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 4 herbarium specimens
Polystachya zuluensis
LR nt (2002) Global status (2024) VU - Vulnerable B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii) , 11 herbarium specimens, 7 photo records
Rhoicissus napaeus
LC - Least Concern (2024) As at April 2024, 10 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 5 visual observations
Schizochilus cecilii subsp. culveri
LR nt (2002) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens
Scolopia oreophila
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, only one record from Eswatini (photo record)
Searsia grandidens
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 18 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records, 22 visual observations
Selago swaziensis
LC - Least Concern (2024) As at April 2024, 15 herbarium specimens, 13 photo records
Streptocarpus confusus subsp. lebomboensis
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 5 photo records
Streptocarpus davyi
LC - Least Concern (2024) As at April 2024, 15 herbarium specimens, 19 photo records
Streptocarpus dunnii
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 11 herbarium specimens, 23 photo records
Streptocarpus micranthus
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 7 herbarium specimens, 1 photo record, 3 visual observations
Syncolostemon albiflorus
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 4 visual observations
Syncolostemon concinnus
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 6 herbarium specimens, 4 photo records
Syncolostemon modestus
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 12 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records
Tephrosia gobensis
LR lc (2002) Global status (2024) VU - Vulnerable B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii), 2 herbarium specimens, 6 photo records
Thorncroftia longiflora
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 3 herbarium specimens, 5 photo records
Tinnea barbata
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 8 visual observations
Tinnea galpinii
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 5 herbarium specimens, 10 photo records, 1 visual observation
Uvaria lucida subsp. virens
LR-lc (2005) As at April 2024, 7 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records, 21 visual observations
Watsonia bella
LR lc (2002) As at April 2024, 8 herbarium specimens, 3 photo records
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